Doenças Infecciosas Clínicas e Prática

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Acute Hepatitis B Infection in Adults: Identifying the Progression to Chronicity

Ferro Patrizia

Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can progress to chronic infection in a significant number of adult patients, leading to severe liver complications. This article provides an overview of the clinical features exhibited by adults who develop chronic HBV infection. During the acute phase, patients may experience nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain, along with jaundice in some cases. While most individuals clear the virus within six months, approximately 5-10% progress to chronic infection. Chronic hepatitis B can present with a wide range of symptoms, from asymptomatic to advanced liver disease. Fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and hepatosplenomegaly are common manifestations. Complications may arise, including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Regular monitoring of HBV DNA levels and liver function tests is crucial to detect disease progression and complications. Early detection and appropriate management can help prevent long-term liver damage and reduce the risk of severe complications.