Avanços na ciência e tecnologia agrícola

Abstrato

Advancements and Challenges in Rice Agriculture: Towards Sustainable Production and Food Security

Nini B

Rice is one of the world’s most important staple crops, providing a significant source of nutrition and livelihood for billions of people. As global populations continue to grow and environmental pressures intensify, ensuring sustainable rice agriculture is crucial for food security and environmental sustainability. This research article reviews recent advancements, challenges, and potential solutions in rice agriculture to enhance productivity, resilience, and sustainability. The article begins by highlighting the global significance of rice cultivation and the challenges it faces, including shrinking arable land, water scarcity, climate change impacts, and pest and disease outbreaks. It emphasizes the need for sustainable practices that promote efficient resource utilization, reduce environmental impact, and enhance the resilience of rice farming systems. The research article reviews various innovations and technologies in rice agriculture, such as improved cultivars, precision farming techniques, water management strategies, and integrated pest management approaches. It explores the potential of genetic engineering and biotechnology in developing highyielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient rice varieties. Furthermore, the article discusses the importance of ecosystem-based approaches in rice agriculture, such as agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and integrated rice-fish farming systems. These approaches aim to enhance biodiversity, soil fertility, and ecosystem services while maintaining or improving rice yields.

The challenges and opportunities associated with sustainable intensification of rice production are also addressed, including socio-economic factors, policy frameworks, and farmer adoption of innovative practices. The article emphasizes the need for multi-stakeholder collaborations, knowledge sharing, and capacity building to facilitate the adoption of sustainable rice farming practices.