Doenças Infecciosas Clínicas e Prática

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Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Khushbu Yadav and Satyam Prakash

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries is an epidemic, microbiological contagious disease of the teeth that ends in localized dissolution and damage of the calcified structure of the teeth. This disease occurs due to multiple factors such as interactions within the plaque community, host physiology, diet, fluoride, pH and the nature of the tooth enamel, and dominance of Streptococcus mutans . The time factor is significant for the commencement and development of caries in teeth. The main instigation and progress of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Actinomycetes colonizing the supragingival biofilm which impede with usual nutrition intake, verbal communication, self-worth and daily habitual behavior. Nutritional influences on craniofacial development, oral cancer and other oral infectious diseases are expensive to treat. In spite of development in science of oral diseases, dental caries extend to be a global health concern affecting human being of different age groups. With this concern, this review article highlights different microbiological perspectives of dental caries in broader sense and its update will help to upgrade the recent trends of microbiology in dental caries and also formulating various developmental programs towards oral hygiene.