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Effect of Time-of-Day on Muscle Fatigue: A Review

Hamdi Chtourou, Omar Hammouda, Asma Aloui and Nizar Souissi

To date, although the effect of time-of-day on short-term maximal performance has been well established with early morning nadirs and peak values in the late afternoon, data concerning the diurnal variations in muscle fatigue appear to be equivocal. Most studies reported higher muscle fatigue (represented by a decrease in muscle power or strength during short-term maximal exercises) in the evening compared with the morning. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of the diurnal variation in muscle fatigue are not well known. In this context, some biomarkers of cellular damage were higher in the evening compared with the morning, while markers of antioxidant status were higher in the morning. This article focuses on the diurnal variations in short-term maximal performance and some biochemical parameters. Moreover, we aimed to review the effect of time-of-day on muscle fatigue.