Avanços na ciência e tecnologia agrícola

Abstrato

Identification of High-Temperature Tolerant and Agronomically Viable Tomato (S. lycopersicum) Genotypes from a Diverse Germplasm Collection

Muhammed Alsamir, Nabil M Ahmad, Claudia Keitel, Tariq Mahmood and Richard Trethowan

The aim of most crop heat stress tolerance improvement programs is to increase productivity, not just survival, under high-temperature. Two cycles of experiments were conducted on forty four diverse tomato (S. lycopersicum) lines collected from UC Davis. These included one genotype each of the wild species S. pimpinellifolium (LA0373), S. Pennellii (LA0716) and S. chillense (LA1930). Experiments were conducted in both a growth-chamber and a polytunnel house. Three physiological parameters; stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage (EL) and chlorophyll fluorescence were used to evaluate the first cycle materials in a growth chamber. Two-month old tomato plants were exposed to heat stress of 44°C for four hours and traits were assessed prior to and following heat shock treatment. Electrolyte leakage differentiated the materials best and was therefore used in subsequent evaluations.

In the second cycle of evaluation, the agronomic superiority of the more heat tolerant materials was assessed using an Agronomic Superiority Index (Ag Index) calculated using Euclidean distance for fruit set %, fruit yield, plant dry weight and EL. Plants were grown hydroponically in cocopeat bags in a tunnel house for two crop seasons. The temperature in the tunnel house was maintained using natural sunlight and controlled ventilation. The Ag Index successfully identified heat tolerant and agronomically superior genotypes and fruit yield and the Ag Index were strongly correlated (R²=0.96). Two lines, LA4284 and LA3847, were classified as superior for heat tolerance and agronomic performance. The EL response in the growth chamber and the tunnel house was significantly correlated (R²=0.30), thus validating the use of EL for screening. Histological studies on the selected lines confirmed that pollen development was significantly impaired by heat stress.