Pesquisa Clínica em Pé e Tornozelo

Abstrato

Plantar Fasciitis: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies

Kashaf K

Plantar fasciitis is a common and often debilitating condition characterized by heel pain caused by inflammation and microtears of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue connecting the heel to the toes. This research article provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for plantar fasciitis. The etiology of plantar fasciitis involves a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including repetitive strain, faulty biomechanics, obesity, inadequate footwear, and certain systemic conditions. The article explores the underlying pathophysiology, such as collagen degeneration and inflammatory mediators, contributing to the development and persistence of symptoms. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management. The article discusses the clinical presentation, including heel pain, often worse in the morning or after periods of rest, and tenderness along the plantar fascia. Diagnostic imaging modalities, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are evaluated for their utility in confirming the diagnosis and ruling out other possible causes of heel pain. Conservative treatment options are the first-line approach for plantar fasciitis. The article highlights the efficacy of various interventions, including stretching exercises, orthotic devices, footwear modifications, physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Additionally, it explores emerging treatments such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and regenerative therapies, discussing their potential benefits and limitations. For refractory cases or severe symptoms, surgical interventions may be considered. The article reviews surgical options, including plantar fascia release and endoscopic procedures, providing insights into their indications, outcomes, and potential complications. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing plantar fasciitis. Collaboration between orthopedic surgeons, podiatrists, physical therapists, and other healthcare professionals is essential in tailoring treatment plans, addressing biomechanical abnormalities, and implementing comprehensive rehabilitation programs. The article also addresses preventive measures and patient education, including proper footwear selection, maintaining a healthy weight, and incorporating stretching and strengthening exercises into daily routines. By adhering to these strategies, individuals can reduce the risk of plantar fasciitis recurrence.